Observation:

job shadowing

A (noticeable) / P (unnoticeable)

Reassure non-judgemental attitude

Pro:

realistic and practical

Con:

disruptive and threatening

altering work practices while being observed

N/A for knowledge-based activities

Prototype

Throw-away: scribing on the whiteboard

Evolutionary or functional

Pro:

visual representation for the future state (requirements / designs)

vertical (Storyboarding) / horizontal prototype

Con:

bog down the discussion of how rather than what

unrealistic expectations

focus too mucn on design specification

Survey

target level

pre-survey, post-survey

test and fine-tuning

Pro:

Collect information from a larger audience

Con:

Response rates low

Ambiguous questions-Follow-up queries

Workshops

BS (creative thinking) / FG (qualitative) / WS (gather a group of stkhldrs attended by sme)

facilitator-moderator, scribe

pre-workshop interviews

Ground rules:

off-topic discussion shall be held in check

Pro:

achieve agreement

mutual understanding

Con:

difficult to schedule due to stkhldr's availability

Brainstorming

Foster creative thinking (6-8 persons)

Expection, criteria

Wrap-up (reduction)

nonjudgmental nature

interpersonal politics may impede the effectiveness

Collaborative Games

Affinity map

Focus Group

qualitative research (6-12)

pre-qualified / homogeneous heterogeneous

user discussion

Transcribe and report

Pro:

Save times

Con:

may not be consistent with actual behaviour

Tough to schedule

Vocal participant could sway the results

Interviews

one on one or in group

structured / unstructured

Open-ended / closed queries

Interview FLOW

maintain focus-active listening

take notes or record properly

closing;

summerise the session

Pro:

non-verbal behaviour

Opinion expressed in private

Con:

Resulting documentation subject to the interviewer's own interpretation

Desired outcome-one or more elicitations

Capture outcomes for later reference

Document analysis

Existing documents

Synthesise

Set up logistics

Prepare-conduct-confirm

elicitate-to call forth something latent or potential

Workshops

Indicator-specific numerical, use proxies

Metric-quantifiable level at a specified point in time, a threshold or a range

bureaucratic metrics X

Performance analysis

leverage exisiting or elicit

Centre of excellence

Preventive:

Corrective:

Improvement:

Breadth & depth of information provided

Needs of stkhldrs

Reuse:

repository accessible to other BAs

Attributes to describe requirements

Giv

Item trakcing / problem tracking

Record

Escalation matrix

Metrics

number of items, Cycle time

Approver / Reviewer

Rigour: high, medium and low

Criteria: cost

Predictive-formal approvals

Adaptive-approval of iteration

Governance-decision making

Organisational mdlin'

Functionally-oriented

Market-oriented

Matrix Mdl: China reporting to china regional ldr as well as global head.

Identify informal lines of authority, clout, and communication

stkhldr list, map / personas

onion diagram

Core:

affected organisational: help desk

affected external:

Power-interest grid

RACI matrix Accountable (Only One)

Personas

fictional

change strategy-stkhldr related initiative strategy

stkhldr Level of clout

Thorough stkhldr analysis-not once for all

Regulator-organisational rules

Sponsor-approval

Plan-output (specific backlog)

Approach

Top-down:

based on former experience

Bottom-up:

Elaboration, more accuracy

More information needed

Parametric:

Use case

ROM:

Rough, +-50% accuracy

Rolling Wave:

Delphi:

Mutiple elicitation and rounds to reach concensus, not really via a vis-a-vis meeting

PERT:

3 points estimation (O+P+ML)/3

(O+P+4ML)/6

SOI

Analogous situation

Archive

Usage consideration:

rationale

Lessons learned

Retro fixed term

Event-driven

variances can be positive or negative > Root cause analysis

Usage consideration:

Trying to assign blame X

Assessment-successive improvement